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Earthquakes, also known as ground vibrations, are the vibrations that occur during the rapid release of energy from the earth's crust and are a natural phenomenon of seismic waves. The collision in plates on the earth results in faulting and rupture within the plates and edges , that is the main cause of earthquakes.

The place where the earthquake started was called the hypocenter, and the ground just above the hypocenter is called the epicenter. The most severe ground vibration of a destructive earthquake is called a "polar earthquake zone", which is often the epicenter of the earthquake. Earthquakes often cause heavy secondary casualties, such as fires, floods, poisonous gas leaks, bacteria, radioactive materials,tsunamis, landslides, and ground fissures.

The flood was caused by heavy rain, the rapid flow phenomenon, the snow melts and the ice storm surge, the flood is caused by the natural factors such as rivers and lakes or the rapid increase of water level. When the rainstorm or snowmelt occurs in the basin, the runoff is gathered at the exit section of the river according to its distance. As the nearby runoff arrives, the flow of the river begins to rise, and the water level rises accordingly.

When most of the high intensity surface runoff reaches the exit section, the maximum discharge is called peak flow, and the corresponding maximum water level is called the peak water level. After the storm stopped, the river surface runoff and the amount of water stored in the ground ... [More]