Turkey has good medical and health conditions, with sound hospitals, clinics and first aid facilities in every city, and Western medicine is the main treatment method. Health insurance covers most towns. Health insurance recipients receive medical treatment at public hospitals almost free of charge, but the appointment time is longer. Private hospitals or clinics are plentiful but charge higher fees. In 2019, Turkey spent 165.23 billion lira on health care, accounting for 4.4% of GDP. Life expectancy in Turkey was 81.3 years between 2017 and 2019, with women living 5.4 years longer than men. In March 2012, the Turkish Parliament reformed the compulsory education system. The current school system is four years in primary school, eight years in middle school, two to three years in secondary school and four to six years in university. Primary education is compulsory, and there are nearly 60,000 schools of various types, with about 25.31 million students and 1.03 million teachers. There are 209 universities in China. Turkey is the world's 16th largest economy in terms of GDP (purchasing power parity) and 65th in terms of GDP per capita (purchasing power parity). In 2021, Turkey's GDP reached US $802.7 billion, with per capita GDP of US $9,539, representing a GDP growth rate of 11.0%.
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