The Republic of Bulgaria (Bulgarian language: Народна република България) is referred to as Bulgaria. It is a country in Southeast Europe in the southeast of the Balkans, bordering Romania, Serbia, Macedonian, Greece and Turkey, and bordering the Black Sea in the East. Bulgaria covers an area of 110994 square kilometers. In 2017, the total population was 7.05 million. March 3 was designated as the National Day to commemorate freedom from the Ottoman Empire on February 27, 1990.
In the 6th century, the Slavs moved here. In 395 A.D, they merged into the Byzantine Empire. In 681, they established the first Bulgarian Empire. In 1018, they were occupied by Byzantine again. In 1185, they established the second Bulgarian Empire. In 1396, they were annexed by the Ottoman Empire. In 1878, they restored their independence and established the kingdom of Bulgaria, the people's Republic of Bulgaria was founded in 1946. On November 15, 1990, Bulgaria was renamed the Republic of Bulgaria. On July 12, 1991, a new constitution was adopted, which was designated as a parliamentary state.
Bulgaria joined NATO on March 29, 2004 and EU on January 1, 2007. The lowlands, hills and mountains account for about one-third of the territory. In the southwest is the Rhodope mountains, whose Musala peak is 2925 meters high, which is the highest point in Bulgaria and the Balkans. The average altitude is 470 meters. The Balkan Mountains run through the central part, with the vast Danube River plain to the north, and the Rhodope mountains and Maritsa Valley lowlands to the south, the main mountain range also includes the Lira mountain range (the main peak of Musala is 2925 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the Balkans).
